IELTS, TOEFL, PTE or Duolingo: Which English Test Should You Take for Europe?

Many European programmes taught in English ask for proof of your language level, but they do not all accept the same test. Choosing the wrong one can mean paying twice. The fix is simple: decide after you have checked your shortlist, not before.

Start with your shortlist, not the test

Open the admission page of every programme you are considering and note the accepted tests and the minimum score. Many universities accept several tests, and some also accept proof such as an earlier degree taught in English. If most of your list accepts two tests, you can choose by convenience and cost.

How the main tests differ

• IELTS Academic: widely accepted across Europe, with a face-to-face speaking test with an examiner. Comfortable if you prefer talking to a person.
• TOEFL iBT: taken fully on a computer, which suits you if you type quickly and like an all-digital format.
• PTE Academic: computer-based with automated scoring and results that often arrive quickly. Check that your universities accept it.
• Duolingo English Test: taken online and cheaper, but accepted by fewer programmes, so confirm acceptance before booking.

Which one should you take?

Take the test that your universities accept and that matches how you perform. Do one full practice test in each format if you can. Notice which one feels natural: some people lose marks to the speaking format, others to typing speed. Scores are not directly interchangeable, so aim for the exact minimums on your university’s page.

Timeline and preparation

Plan on at least two to three months of regular practice if you are starting from scratch. Book your test so that results arrive well before your earliest deadline, with room for a retake. Most tests report a score for each skill, and some universities require a minimum in each, not just an overall score.

Tip: keep your results and registration number handy. Universities and embassies may ask to verify them.